As historian Yuval Noah Harari puts it, “Scientists generally agree that no theory is 100 percent correct. Thus, the real test of knowledge is not the truth, but utility.” In other words, no scientific theory is correct in all cases. Different theories are useful in different contexts.

This notion can be demonstrated by the different models of gravity introduced by Sir Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. According to Newton’s laws of motion, space and time are absolute. They are the stage on which the motion of objects happens. In Ein‐ stein’s theory of relativity, space and time are no longer absolute but different for dif‐ ferent observers.

Even though the two models can be seen as contradictory, both are useful in their suitable (bounded) contexts.